WE ARE A COFFEE SHOP CHAIN IN CANADA AND WE ARE EXPANDING TO BRAZIL Essay

WE ARE A COFFEE SHOP CHAIN IN CANADA AND WE ARE EXPANDING TO BRAZIL - Essay Example Also, they need to understand the cross-sectional issues and have constant attention to securing public or private investments (Nag, Hambrick, & Chen, 2007). Secondly is the partnership management. There should be ability to negotiate and maintenance of the core relationships set for the enterprise benefit. The partners should work well, and every partner’s knowledge and expertise contribute to the business success (Hill & Gareth, 2012). Many skills should be available in the expansion of the business to Brazil like engineering and technical expertise, legal advice, business planning and marketing that the partners can provide. Therefore, there should be corporation among them to improve the success. Thirdly, there should be marketing and business planning. The entrepreneurs should be able to access the business planning along with marketing skills now that they are expanding their market segments. The business plan should be able to demonstrate the objectives, service, and product lines; setting up the supply chains and pointing out the revenue targets in the other country, Brazil. The plan should have the financing and investment requirements and the marketing strategies to reach the objectives (Vladimir, 2009). Therefore, the business planning helps the coffee chain to identify its target in Brazil and how to achieve its objectives of expanding their market. Fourthly, another important element is creating a long and short-term benefits management as Richard (2011) suggests. The short-term benefits should keep the stakeholders until the long-term benefits get achieved. The significant factor for success is that every stakeholder should feel that they are getting benefits from the effort they contribute to the business. The idea of expanding the market to Brazil should show a success plan in future and define more potential benefit to the stakeholders in the project development. Now that the business require a significant lead time before securing tangible

Icon Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Icon Analysis - Assignment Example They represent the much needed leadership traits that American leaders must possess. In times of recession, people need characters that would serve as an inspiration in battling whatever crisis a country faces. According to Robert Pattinson, "Twilight is a big metaphor for sexual abstinence, and yet its erotic underneath. There are so many elements in the story which are sexy." This is true indeed that is why Pattinson has many die-hard fans. Pattinson represents the sexual urge that is subtly represented by his vampire character in the sequel â€Å" Twilight†. Young viewers can easily identify their repressed sexual feelings with Bella and Edward which is why this movie is successful. Lastly, Michael Jackson is still one of the world’s popular icon. His death made people cry for it symbolizes the good old days of the 70s of which soul, rock and roll as well as other significant events such as man’s landing on the moon happened in that era. Michael Jackson represents the decade where Cold War put the world in a political tension. Moreover, MJ reminds middle age people of their innocence at that time. MJ is a successful popular icon despite the fact that he had numerous legal battles involving sexual abuse of

Oppression And Discrimination Of Looked After Children Social Work Essay

Oppression And Discrimination Of Looked After Children Social Work Essay This essay explores how the identity of Looked after children (hereafter LAC) contribute to oppression and discrimination in two specific areas of Education and Health. The essay will analyse the role of legislation and policy in combating or promoting discrimination and oppression. The history, societal attitudes, diversity, views of the children and theories underpinning LAC will also be discussed. Finally I will focus on the implications and relevance to social work practice. Cocker and Allain (2008) identify LAC and young people as children in the care of the local authority, through a Care Order made by a court or voluntary agreement with their parent(s) to accommodate them. They may be looked after in childrens home by foster carers, or other family members. All unaccompanied asylum seeking children are deemed LAC. For the purposes of clarity I will start by defining oppression, discrimination and stigma. Thompson (1997) identifies oppression as the disregarding of individuals or group of peoples rights resulting in inhuman or abusive treatment with dominance and power by one group over another. For Thompson (2006), discrimination refers to a process of unfair or unequal treatment of individuals or groups resulting in undermining the interests of people from a less powerful category within society. Goffman (1963) highlights that stigma is constructed through social interactions. The individual who is stigmatised is seen as below societal expectations. Similarly, Parker and Aggleton (2003) associate stigma with an instrument that maintains boundaries between those with power and the powerless. This causes social inequalities that formulate into social norms that promote power structures. Through such power, social inequalities are developed leading to creation of social norms. From the above definitions oppression, discrimination and stigma it can be deduced that the common elements are abuse of power and privilege resulting in inequalities and disadvantage. LAC are one of the less fortunate groups of people in society who experience such treatment because of their identity. The last three decades have experienced a huge overhaul and introduction of legislation and policies seeking to address the needs of children. The Childrens Act 1989 reformed Law relating to children and in particular set out the framework for the provision of support for children and families and for the protection of children in England and Wales. This was in line with the United Nations on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC 1989) which was the first legally binding International instrument to promote the rights of children throughout the world. (Burke and Parker 2007). The Quality Protects (1998), Children Leaving Care Act (2000), Adoption and Children Act (2002), the Choice Protects policy, the Childrens Act (2004), Every Child Matters (2004), Care Matters (Green and White Papers) and The Children and Young Persons Act (2008) are some of the initiatives and legislation introduced to reinforce safeguarding children, and also as responses to reports of abuse, neglect, harm and safeguar ding children in different institutions of residential care in the UK with the most publicised individual cases such as the deaths of Victoria Climbe (2000). It was revealed that Staff working with vulnerable children was not adequately trained, rigorously checked on recruitment, no support and vigilance towards diversity and openness. This led to Laming Report (2003) which revealed significant failings within individuals and organisations which were meant to be looking after children. The Childrens Act (2004) emerged to implement and address the recommendations. In 2009 Lord Laming was also asked by the government to provide an emergency progress report on issues surrounding safeguarding children following the death of Baby P in 2007. He reinforced his earlier findings on systematic and individual failures as the cause of the death of Baby P (Laming report 2009). Research has questioned the effectiveness of such initiatives in reducing discrimination of LAC. Examples of such research are : Children experience of the Children Act (1989), Discrimination Against Young People in Care (1998): Remember my message (1993), The Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care in England Project (2006), Barriers to change in the Social Care (2000), Bursting at the seams (2010) and the recent Panorama BBC programme on experiences of children leaving Care (5 October 2010). The UK is a multicultural society with diversity which policy makers and legislators need to acknowledge. Blaine (2007) views diversity as the presence of differences in society in relation to gender, race, ethnicity, religion, social class and sexual orientation. These differences are neither good nor bad; however some of the differences are associated with inequality and disadvantage. Social work practice is concerned with addressing these differences and disadvantages (Burke and Parker 2007). There is no exact figure for LAC but DfE Statistics (2010) reveal that there were about 64,400 LAC as at 31 March 2010 while the BBC Panorama ( 2010) mentioned around 70, 000 LAC as of 5 October meaning the number is increasing. The main reasons of being in care were abuse or neglect (52 per cent). There were 3,400 Unaccompanied Asylum Seeking Children (UASC) who were looked after at 31 March 2010. This is a decrease of 12 per cent from 2009. There is a decrease in the Unaccompanied Asylum Seeker Children (UASC) (DfES 2010). Hogg and Vaughan (2002) views identity as associated with the process an individual becomes who they are in the sense of personhood and others view of who they are. Furthermore a person has multiple identities which need to be seen as part of the whole individual as disregarding some aspects would be misleading and reductive of the individuals identity. Graham (2000) highlights that identities have different meanings and are not fixed but change over time as a result of environment, personal circumstances and outside influences. These influences will significantly affect the social experience and the self image of those defined, through, for example the experience of negative discrimination. All aspects of a childs identity need to be recognised and acknowledged regardless of gender, race, ethnicity or religion. By developing a positive identity children are motivated and their self esteem is enhanced for them to feel a sense of value, belonging and worth Blaine (2007). However Cocker and Allain (2008) argue that not all environments are positive in fostering this idea. When this occur the child becomes withdrawn and shy to open up and engage. Having a LAC identity endangers a child to be different, socially excluded, marginalised and denied equal opportunities in accessing services.(Assessing Children in Need 2000). As such social workers need to adopt and work with a culturally sensitive approach and apply the balancing act to enhance the resilience concept. (Masten 1994 cited in Daniel et al 2002). Burke and Parker (2007) highlight that the social work context and the involvement of a social worker in a childs life apply and identify the child as different. From my experience in social care practice I agree with Burke and Parker when they note that the bureaucratic and comprehensive paperwork, regular review and educational meetings, visits, contact arrangements and procedures and guidelines are associated with the LAC; these are not experienced by most children in normal life settings. However this argument is dismissed by Garret (2003) cited in Burke and Parker (2007) when he affirms that paperwork and bureaucratic procedures are essential tools for a social worker to use in helping them identify and address important developmental needs of the child but should however encourage more one- to -one contact with the child rather than spending time on paperwork. Because of their identity a LAC they are disadvantaged and discriminated against at school and in matters related to Education. They most likely risk being expelled from School due to behaviour (DfE 2010).Statistics show that a third of LAC obtains a GCSE and a further fifth obtain fewer than five GCSEs. Although these figures are lower than a few years ago, they are still much higher than for children as a whole: more than half not obtaining five or more GCSEs compared to less than one in ten children as a whole (DfE 2010) The Social Exclusion Unit (2003) published a document A Better Education for Children in Care, (Thompson and Thompson 2003) which highlighted five reasons for the low attainment levels ranging from instability caused by insecure placements, bullying, lack of support and encouragement at home, time out of school due to expulsion, support and encouragement and emotional, mental or physical health. Schofield and Beek (2009) suggest that parents and people at home where the child lives need to be supportive and encouraging to the child learning success. School environment should promote learning that develops a child holistically to facilitate the self discovery method and accepting themselves as they interact with other children. They also note that this is not always the case as children are disrupted of continuity in settling and making friends if placement breaks down. Sometimes bullying at school results in low self esteem. Although most local authorities have put in place a number of inter disciplinary services looking at the physical, mental well being of children discrepancies still exist. However in Jackson and McParlin (2006) in their article The education of children in care professionals are seen to be making assumptions and jumping into conclusions ending up giving labels and long prescribed long term solutions to short term problems unnecessarily. This is associate d with neglect and discrimination. More training and awareness of diversity, anti discriminatory practices and individualised person centred approach should be reinforced (Every Child Matters 2004). Morgan (2010) argues that the problem of poor school performance in LAC lies in the care and education system not in the children. He argues that the care and education systems do not address pre care experiences of the childs low attainment and also fail to address the aftermath or the impact of separation when children are removed from their families. The child may be suffering from undiagnosed post traumatic stress which can erupt in any confined environment such as school classrooms. He also contends that teachers have no knowledge of the childs history. Teacher training does not equip teachers with knowledge of the care system and on addressing behaviour from LAC. Jackson et al (2005) cited in Morgan (2010) carried out a research with students in Higher education who had a care background over a five-year period. The respondents experienced a high level of trauma, abuse and neglect but were placed in foster homes that were supportive and valued education. The findings revealed that foster families who support education and celebrate the childs achievements are more likely to compensate to some level of the pre care experiences and promote higher attainment in education. It is important to place children in placements which are supportive to the childs success in education, foster resilience and offer a safe place to grow and achieve. To support childrens wellbeing the government has put in place the Children and Young Persons Act (2008) with a commitment to promote the wellbeing of children and those who are involved in their care. Children and Young Persons Act (2008). Dunnett et al (2006) acknowledged the initiatives by Government such as the improvement of health of LAC as important and the proposed Care Planning for LAC and Care Leavers to be implemented April 2011. However according to research a number of health deficits still prevailed such as ill health, poor diagnosis, and dental neglect, neglect of routine immunisation screening, poor diagnosis, limited attention to chronic ill health and limited attention to mental health problems. A study carried out by Loughborough University for the Department of Health (2006) revealed inconsistencies and concerns on consultation and treatment. Also studies revealed that teenagers in care found it difficult to discuss sex education due to fear, lack of privacy and trust. They wanted a significant trustworthy person to confide in. As such most of their health needs are overlooked and not met as they are labelled, stereotyped and marginalised. Axford (2008) in her article exploring social exclusion noted this difficulty as more prevalent among children from Black Ethnic Minority background who face a cultural, language and racism within organisations that are meant to support and look after them especially asylum seekers. In the article LAC experiences of the Children Act (1989) highlighted that there are continuing myths about the Act which are still disadvantaging LAC. The children still feel they are not fully aware of their rights under the Act as they face day to day regulations and successive barriers. Children still feel they do not receive what the law says they should. A typical example was in socialising with restrictions on risk assessments for overnight stays by teenagers in care. This has brought a sense of discrimination and marginalisation as it is for normal teenagers to do overnight stays. Prout (2000) cited in Glenny and Roaf (2008) further picked up another conflict and tension among within government departments and targets when he mentions that control and self realisation are both present in legislation and policy but in tension. On one camp there is the idea of viewing children as individuals with a capacity for self realisation within a safe societal environment while in the other camp there is the idea of viewing children as vulnerable and requiring control, regulation and surveillance. One example is the Youth Matters Four Challenges to help teenagers achieve the Every Child Matters outcomes. ( DfES 2005) Social workers need to listen, engage and work in partnership with looked after children. In a research by Holland (2010) exploring the Ethics of Care as being marginalised, not being implemented and recognised, it was evidenced that lasting relationships are disrupted by placements as children often acknowledged their links to their past and significant people in their lives. This highlights the importance of their individual pathway in promoting their wellbeing and interpersonal relationships and future achievements. Clarke (2010) emphasises the need to sustain and promote lasting care relationships with formal carers and social workers to avoid the consequences of loss, neglect and worthlessness by listening to their story, exploring and putting their needs and choices first. Oliver et al (2006)s Briefing Paper Advocacy for LAC unveiled that research has highlighted that there were some ambivalence within professionals as to what extent children must be involved in decision making to matters concerning their care as well as resource barriers. To overcome these constraints Winter (2009) suggested regular contact, feedback, advocacy and pu tting the needs of the child first need to be priority as children value being listened to and having their wishes fulfilled by active participation in matters concerning their wellbeing. In a consultation exercise with young persons leaving care as part of my coursework, they highlighted that sometimes they did not receive any satisfactory feedback from social workers when they need it. Also they mentioned that there was a lot of bureaucracy such as reviews or educational meetings which made them feel treated differently. Social work regular visits at school made them feel stigmatised. The respondents felt they wanted to be treated as normal children not service users. Barriers to Change in the Social Care (2000), a report by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, supports that there should be a human rights approach in working with LAC. Glenny and Roaf (2008) suggested early Intervention is essential to support children and families before problems either from within the family or as a result of external factors, which have an impact on both the child and family. Statutory and voluntary organisations have an obligation to work in partnership for the success of early intervention agenda. Teamwork will establish protocols which will help to ensure early indications of being at risk of social exclusion are addressed and receive proper attention. McLeod (1998) highlighted the need to acknowledge Child development which enable children accept and discover themselves through stages and exposure to promote self awareness, confidence, self esteem and positive attitudes. McLeod highlighted Freuds psycho-analysis theory (1859-1939), Ericksons psycho-social development theory (1950) and Bowlbys attachment theory (1969). This view is shared in the literature review by Hunt (2003) cited in Ritchie (2005) which highlights that although there is no concrete evidence of kinship care over non kin foster care there are indications that chances are the former promotes the childs wellbeing and welfare than the latter. It is important for social workers to be aware of child developmental needs and how valuable family ties are. Schofield and Beek, (2005) cited in Shaw (2010) affirms that past relationships with family and professionals has an impact on the childs wellbeing and ability to cope with life on their own. Active parenting focusing o n the childs needs and positive engagement with the child will help and promote skills to deal with difficult situations in life. Social workers need to promote resilience to empower children to face challenges and deal with their past and future (Daniel and Wassell 2002) . Bates et al (1997) suggests that assessment framework should foster identity and acknowledge diversity in order to promote a childs perception of themselves and their environment. Social workers need to employ anti-discriminatory practice with opportunities and resources for self discovery through interaction (Assessment for Children in need Practice 2000). The Children and Young Persons Act (2008) also emphasises its commitment to promote a childs well being and the people involved in the care of the child. This essay discussed a particular aspect of discrimination and oppression among LAC and extent to which legislation, policy, practice and services relevant to social work exacerbate or assist in overcoming negative experiences of LAC. Although there has been notable initiatives in addressing the needs of LAC for the past ten years a lot still has to be done in terms of societal attitudes, resources and safeguarding. To achieve the every child matters outcomes all the stakeholders need to work together by putting the needs and act in the best interest of the child. By listening and engaging with LAC practitioners will be able to improve Childrens quality of life. Anti discriminatory practice, empowerment, diversity and equal opportunities practices are part of the answer.

Sonnet and Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night Essay -- John Donne D

Sonnet and Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night how how the writer uses the form of poetry to protest against a situation or an attitude and reveal how successful you think he or she is. Sonnet & Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night. Sonnet by John Donne and Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night by Dylan Thomas are two poems about death that seem to convey very different messages. These poems are obviously written by two men with two very different perceptions of death. Both poems are protest poems and challenge ideas that would have been instilled in the writers from an early age. Donne ,who was a priest, would have been brought up in a society where death was feared and at a time when there was much religious debate about where the "soul" goes after death but in his poem he writes that death has no reason to be "proud" because it is not so "mighty and dreadful" as people fear. This is an idea that contrasts greatly with Thomas' poem. Thomas was brought up in a strict religious environment and he would have been taught the ideas that are present in Donne's poem, that death is just the "soul's delivery" and would be like going to sleep , that death is not the end but simply a way on towards heaven . However, Thomas' poem contradicts this idea saying that death is something that everyone should "burn" and "rave" against, this poem shows a very angry and resentful conception of death. The idea behind both poems is that the authors are protesting against death, about how death is seen and how death is treated by people, as well as protesting against how they have been taught to treat death which makes these poems very powerful. Sonnet is written in the form of a sonnet which is ironic as this form ... ...assionate style of writing. This poem also uses imagery but not in the same way as Sonnet, it's images are not really for the reader to relate to, they are fantastic, they do not really seem real but that is the point, death to Thomas is something unknown and something to dread. Thomas' poem seems much more messy than Sonnet, it is contradictory and it is not easy for the reader to understand, they must study it in more depth to get an idea of what it is really about, this however only makes the poem more interesting and realistic because it seems to be straight from Thomas' mind , a jumble of thoughts that seems just to have spilled onto the page. These two poems are forms of protest and both authors have shown that poetry is an excellent way to speak out because these poems are persuasive and convincing arguments for both their very different views.

Critical Review †“The Fault in our Stars” by John Green Essay

The Fault in our Stars is a young adult novel written by John Green. It is based on the remission of a 16-year-old Thyroid cancer patient, Hazel Grace who relentlessly struggles to breathe. She attends a Cancer Kid Support Group where she meets Augustus Waters, a 17-year-old guy diagnosed with osteosarcoma. They form a close relationship and constantly share their love for a book called â€Å"An Imperial Affliction† written by Peter Van Houten who resigned from writing it halfway. Upon the desperation in finding out the ending, the two protagonists set off to Netherlands to meet the author. Their journey together reveals the themes of love, grief, loss, and both physical and mental pain. Throughout the book, there are reoccurring metaphors of water and stars; water representing death and stars signifying hope, hence the name ‘The Fault in our Stars’. Each of these themes along with the repeated motifs the author creates, reaches out to the reader and causes them t o be drawn into the lives of the characters and their relation to each other. The two protagonists dread each day with the constant worry that they’d pass away any minute. Augustus and Hazel’s love for each other triumphs over struggle and hardship but â€Å"†¦ yet still [they] worried†¦ Worry is yet another side effect of dying.† The times when they are not contemplating what it means to be gone, they’re drawn into ‘An Imperial Affliction’ (AIA). John Green purposely made the characters metaphorically relatable to those in AIA so there is a meaning to the existence of the book. The two sweethearts chase their dreams all the way to Netherlands in order to meet up with Peter Van Houten, a â€Å"†¦rude, abrasive, and utterly drunk† father of a departed cancer kid. Hazel and Gus both reminded him of her, and the â€Å"circumstances that made him so cruel† and caused pain in his life. John Green intended on Peter Van Houten’s charisma to be the way he wrote it as he himself also â€Å"in tellectualize[s] emotionally painful experiences so that [he doesn’t] have to confront/process them emotionally.† Both authors are somewhat related with their thoughts and feelings. The Fault in our Stars introduced many deeper topics on various themes  relevant to today’s society. John Green â€Å"wanted to be ambiguous†; therefore he was able to accurately depict the characters in their current age, with their strong personalities, which were present through the whole novel. There are no negative aspects of the text, as every part was crucial in showing different emotions, and character traits. Hazel Grace had a strong personality, a complex train of thoughts, and thyroid cancer, as it’s â€Å"fairly similar to what [Green’s] close friend, Esther had†. The novel was mostly influenced by Esther, who died of thyroid cancer in August 2010, and â€Å"after she died, [Green] had to write [his] way through it, desperately looking for some hope in it.† The setting is also inspired by her; the problematic occurrences that cancer plays in the character’s lives. The many times throughout the novel where every character experiences love, grief, loss and pain causes you to â€Å"laugh†¦ cry, and then come back for more† – Markus Zusak. John Green does this by presenting many heart wrenching events, where physical pain is shown. The pain of Hazel suffering from breathing everyday, but the unconditional love between Hazel and Augustus over power all the sadness. He also explores motifs of stars and water, very deeply. He has metaphorical words for the stars and water. Stars representing wishes and water, representing the proximity of death, which is frequently talked about throughout the book as Hazel â€Å"†¦devotes quite a bit of [her] abundant free time to thinking about death.† Another heart throbbing novel, Looking for Alaska also by John Green is similar in a way where there are two protagonists who frequently engage in conversations, drawing them closer to each other, and allowing them to explore the different themes of love, loss and friendship. In summary, the author has successfully written a gripping novel. John Green presented situations relatable to the current teen culture by speaking in the mind of a teenager. I therefore applaud to his ability to write with every word sticking to the specific character trait each of them are supposed to portray. He has engaged the readers in every page, entitling it to being an award-winning novel.

Psychology References Essay

Select something you either strongly like or dislike (e.g., reading, competitive sports, flying, snakes, etc.). Write a two to three (2-3) page paper in which you: 1. Briefly describe your like or dislike (one to two (1-2) sentences). 2. Describe the subfield (e.g., cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, psychoanalytic psychology, etc.) you believe is best suited for providing psychological insight into your preference (the fact that you like or dislike the thing you do) and why you believe it is so. 3. Discuss how biological bases of behavior (including sensation and perception) have contributed to your preference. 4. Analyze how engaging in or reacting to your preference (e.g., playing competitive sports or encountering a snake) affects your state of consciousness during that engagement. 5. Discuss the role that learning has had on the fact that you like or dislike the thing you described. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: †¢ Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. †¢ Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: †¢ Distinguish between the major schools of thought in psychology. †¢ Discuss the biological factors that influence behavior. †¢ Describe the major theories of learning, memory, cognition, consciousness, development, and social psychology. †¢ Use technology and information resources to research issues in psychology. †¢ Write clearly and concisely about psychology using proper writing mechanics. Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic/organization of the paper, and language and writing skills, using the following rubric.

What Is The Concept Of Social Justice Social Work Essay Essay Example

What Is The Concept Of Social Justice Social Work Essay Essay Example What Is The Concept Of Social Justice Social Work Essay Essay What Is The Concept Of Social Justice Social Work Essay Essay There have been issues of inequality for centuries such as subjugation, favoritism, and biass. The authorities has the undertaking of doing certain that those Torahs are set in topographic point to protect those when struggles of societal justness arise But the authorities is a contemplation of the bulk s will, so there has been and continues to be a battle to accomplish societal justness in our society ( Segal, 2010, p. 93 ) . When it comes to societal issues and or jobs on behalf of society, persons and society has a duty for the wellbeing of others. The development of societal public assistance plans and policies happens by reacting when the job already exists and by forestalling the job before it arises. Final Exam Essay Questions Our society as I see it has ever been one that has appeared to be a state concerned with the wellbeing of members of mainstream society, yet we have ever had issues that embark on societal justness and inequality for non-mainstream members of society. However we have had those persons that were and are willing to conflict for equity, advocator and assistance those that are in demand, individual handedly and as an gathering attempt such as the societal work profession. As an animating societal worker I ask, what is the construct of societal justness? Furthermore, why is it relevant to societal work pattern, which is responsible for a individual s wellbeing an person or society? In add-on, I will demo the differences between residuary and institutional attacks to societal public assistance policy and plans, for these two theoretical accounts respond when the job already be and assist forestall jobs before they occur. . What is the Concept of Social Justice? And why it is Relevant to Social Work Practice As a member of a society, each member should hold all the same rights, chances, and equity within. The construct of societal justness is society equity. Social justness describes the degree of equity that exists in society ( Segal, 2010, p.14 ) . All members in society have the right to this degree of equity. The description, in which our society upholds societal justness, unluckily is non what we all unrecorded by. There have been issues of inequality for centuries such as subjugation, favoritism, and biass. Fairness has non been our strongpoint among each other. The authorities has the undertaking of doing certain that those Torahs are set in topographic point to protect those when struggles of societal justness arise with achieving equity, same chances, and rights. But the authorities is a contemplation of the bulk s will, so there has been and continues to be a battle to accomplish societal justness in our society ( Segal, 2010, p. 93 ) . For this ground, societal justness has been indispensable and relevant to societal work pattern. Social work pattern will convey frontward those who will recommend, and aid to put policies in topographic point to assist protect, advance, and progress alteration for those persons that struggle with holding the same rights and basic human needs that all deserve to hold as a member of society, Social workers should be cognizant of the impact of the politi-cal sphere on pattern and should recommend for alterations in policy and statute law to better societal conditions in order to run into basic human demands and advance societal justness ( Segal, 2010, p. 70 ) . Social work pattern works towards altering societal conditions, a important portion of that alteration is taking the duty to better the societal public assistance of our society. Who is Responsible for People s well-being Each Individual or Society? Who is responsible for people s wellbeing, persons, or society? The duty of a individual s wellbeing is societies every bit good as in single. As a member of society, we have societal duties when it comes to societal issues and or jobs on behalf of society. Community plans, spiritual establishments, for-profit and non-profit organisations are in the concern of advancing and back uping the wellbeing of persons as a individual, nevertheless from a societal work perspective some would implore to differ when it comes to a for-profit organisation working toward the wellbeing of others for it is a private service. For-profit bureaus focal point is to gain from the services they provide and they provide it from a concern rule, hence even though an person may necessitate the service they perchance will non have it if they can non afford the cost of service. Their mission and the concern drive non-profit societal services and attention of those, they serve, despite the cost. From a societal w ork position, this is ideal for anyone can acquire the service needed and wittingly the client is traveling to acquire the best attention possible. In the Federal, province and local authoritiess there are authorities bureaus and societal public assistance plans in topographic point to postulate with the attempts with supplying for the wellbeing of society, such as Social security, Medicaid and Medicare. As societal work professionals, we have a mission that outlines public support and hence the proviso of societal public assistance services straight or in partnership with our authorities ( Segal, 2010, p.89 ) . Basic human demands such as lodging, health care, and nutrient are some of the biggest societal issues in our society. At one clip most of the societal public assistance services were in the private sector by the authorities. Yet many services, such as supplying schools for kids, including those with disablements and metal issues can non be services by a private sector. Many households are unable to afford the cost therefore public services are needed when it comes to the wellbeing of people, Much of the work done by public societal service suppliers would non be done by private organisations ( Segal, 2010, p. 83 ) . These societal issues bring societal public assistance policies in to play, Social public assistance plans are the merchandise of societal public assistance policies ( Segal, 2010, p. 3 ) When society does non take action to alter issues and jobs, that exists for people, so persons step in and try to do the alteration come to go through. It will take persons and society duty for the wellbeing of others, by public, private societal services and through other ways and agencies. The values and beliefs of those who pattern societal work, is based on professional rules, moralss and driven by advancing societal alteration for the improvement of societal public assistance of others and to advance the wellbeing of others by societal public assistance policies. What are the Differences between Residual and Intuitional Approaches to Social public assistance policy? The development of societal public assistance plans and policies happens by reacting when the job already be and forestalling the job before it originate, these two attacks is known as residuary and intuitional attack. Members of our society confuse the term public assistance ; they see it as handicap-keeping persons from traveling frontward and going productive and self-sufficing. The truth is societal public assistance is to assist members in society by turn toing their wellbeing in any country needed, non merely pecuniary or supplying nutrient by a residuary or intuitional attack, nevertheless there are differences between the two. Residual attack to societal public assistance policy is provided merely when demands are non met by other establishments, households, spiritual establishments and is viewed as negative. When people are unable to turn to the job themselves, so exigency aid is given one time the job is identified. This is looked at as an person s personal issue, non society as a whole. It is a agency of intercession. It sees the hapless as incompetent, second-class citizens and provides second-class services. The residuary public assistance is looked upon as the job of the unfortunate categories through centers and upper category benevolence. An illustration of residuary attack would be Work organisations primary map is employment and the societal public assistance service would be unemployment benefits, which are in the country of residuary attack, for the unemployment is the bing job yet it is merely in topographic point impermanent, until a individual can go employed or other agencies of fiscal sup port. Institutional attack to societal public assistance policy is proactive and no stigma is attached, for trouble is bound to show itself for an person, therefore it is looked upon as normal to necessitate aid. Social jobs are rooted in societal construction and hence planned societal alteration, and seen as a normal and recognized manner of carry throughing societal demands. It is seen as a preventive attempt to a individual s wellbeing, set in topographic point automatically for society as a whole. An illustration of intuitional would be national, regional and local authorities organisation primary map mobilisation and distribution of goods for corporate ends has a societal public assistance map of anti poorness, economic security, wellness, instruction such as authorities scholarship plans and subsidizes for lodging which falls into the country of preventative services. If we looked at the residuary and intuitional attack of societal public assistance policy by a cosmopolitan and selective attack, selectively merely those who would fall into the standards needed to measure up for services would be provided hence even though an person may necessitate the service now they would non have it. For this can take to a lasting job for an person. Universally any and everyone would have the service, which would forestall jobs for society. Decision Social work pattern works towards altering societal conditions, a important portion of that alteration is taking the duty to better the societal public assistance of our society and persons. Members of society have societal duties when it comes to societal issues and or jobs on behalf of society. Social public assistance policies and plans are society s safety cyberspace, supply a manner to put bars and intercessions in topographic point to assist and protect those in demand. In order to have you have to be willing to give, and to assist one another jointly and separately.

Do Societies Choose to Fail or Survive Essay Example

Do Societies Choose to Fail or Survive Essay Example Do Societies Choose to Fail or Survive Essay Do Societies Choose to Fail or Survive Essay The society is a really of import facet on the life of any human. The very definition of the term society which is entwined on the facet of relationships of a group of people. who depend on each other in either manner make it to be of extreme importance. When viewed in broader footings. the society depicts people in a certain part and most surely has common bonds such as civilization. linguistic communication or any other factors that brings them together. It is hence common cognition to observe that although the society has the effect of prospering. other societies have fallen and the inquiry that arises is whether a society chooses to neglect or last. Assorted statements have been put across with some of the hardliners taking passionate bases on what they believe in with respect to the prosperity or failure of a society ( Diamond. 2005 ) . One of the writers who has been vocal in analyzing the endurance of societies Jareed Diamond. investigations why some of the societies in the yesteryear were able to last and why some feel out justly. The writer bases his research chiefly on concentrating on the past right to the modern universe. In his award winning book titled Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive. the writer in the prologue states that the book employs the comparative method to understand social prostrations to which environmental jobs contribute . The writer in composing this book tends to offer a historical context of societies that have on the collapse or survival of the society. The writer therefore seems to reason that input variables have important consequence on the output ( Diamond. 2005 ) . The writer highlights some of the factors that have in the past been perpetrators in prostration of societies. Some of them are overfishing. overpopulation. deforestation and others. He besides goes farther to include factors that may in the hereafter assistance in the endurance or prostration of societies. The writer uses the Anasazi prostration to set forward his statements on why societies fail at sometimes. The Anasazi who are a Native American society are used by the writer to clearly exemplify the nexus between population growing and environmental harm straight to the prostration of the Anasazi. The writer as he tries to foreground is that the warfare that took topographic point was non a important subscriber to the failure of this society ( Diamond. 2005 ) . Another acute and extremely critical book of how society thrives is the book Questioning Collapse: Human Resilience. Ecological Vulnerability and the Aftermath of Empire. The book which has an impressive figure of 15 scholarly scientists. supply an acute expression at this issue with each of the personalities lending significantly. The writers of this book borrow measure Diamonds work and utilize his provoking inquiries to give their valuable penetrations into this issue ( Norman and McAnamy. 2010 ) . Another extremely critical and analytical book Marketing Conquest and the Vanishing Indian: an Autochthonal Response to Jared Diamond’s Archaeology of the American Southwest. the book tries to react to Diamond’s work. The essay seems to propose that Diamond’s are some of the most of import facets with respects to conquest. In Diamonds books. he seems to propose that colonialization and conquest were what he refers to as accident’ and that modern prostrations of assorted societies can be avoided by analyzing the root causes of these earlier struggles. This essay is a direct response to Diamonds premises and it chiefly inquiries the genuineness of his premises and comes to the decision that diamonds are really an of import facet of conquering. Mentions: Diamond. J ( 2005 ) . Prologue. Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive. New York: Penguin - . The Ancient Ones: The Anasazi and Their Neighbors. Chapter 4 of Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. New York: Penguin. 2005. McAnamy. P. A. and Norman Y ( 2010 ) . Questioning Collapse: Human Resilience. Ecological Vulnerability and the Aftermath of Empire. New York: Cambridge UP. 1-20 Wilcox. M. Marketing Conquest and the Vanishing Indian: An Autochthonal Response to Jared Diamond’s Archaeology of the American Southwest. Eds.

A History of Sexually Transmitted Disease

This essay examines the current and historical relevance of sexually transmitted diseases. It focuses on current and historical infection rates, the causes of these rates, and current prevention methods. This paper examines the current and historical causes of STDs with a particular focus on chlamydia, HPV, gonorrhea, AIDS, and herpes. It uses statistics and several graphs in order to show the growing trend of STDs, the cause for that growth and concludes with methods of prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases appear to have always been a societal menace. At least, that is the impression garnered from recorded history. There is evidence of gonorrhea outbreaks dating as far back as 2200 B.C.E. (Spongberg, 1965: 23). Since that time, numerous new STDs and countless variations and mutations of existing STDs have arisen. Although infection rates have remained relatively constant throughout the ages, there have been occasional spikes as new diseases become prevalent. In the early 1970s, a surge of previously unknown STDs caused infection rates to soar to record heights (CDC, 1998). Today, there are an estimated 333 million cases of STD infection (WHO, 1996). This is a staggering number, compared to the estimated 150 million of 1960 (CDC, 1998). Fortunately, in the past two decades our medical technology has allowed us to treat and sometimes totally cure STDs that have existed for centuries. Our medical understanding of STDs has also reached new heights, allowing us to educate and inform the general public of the risks involved with unprotected sexual intercourse. However, while one might expect that our new arsenal of knowledge and medicine would be ample weaponry against STDs, infection rates have continued to rise over the last few decades (WHO, 1998). Although infection rates have slowed slightly, sexually transmitted diseases are still as prevalent, if not more so, than they were a generation ago.

Analysis of an Advertisement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of an Advertisement - Essay Example d that the adverts which employ the use of colors attract more attention and recognition than the adverts that either uses only one color or no color at all. The use of many colors as illustrated in the advert above, triggers excitement from the audience and hence makes it appear more appealing to both the mind and the eye (Barnet and Bedau 140). The audience gets more attracted owing to the fact that many people associate certain colors of their choices to particular success in their personal lives. The general ambience of the advert is that which triggers excitement from the audience. The animation of the advert exhibits a world of happiness that eliminates technological strain owing to the introduction of a multi tasking device (I phone). The multi colored animation provides a universal satisfaction to many individuals who may have different tastes and preferences (Barnet and Bedau 143). Similarly, the advert creates a mood of acceptance of the product on display by exposing much of the extra benefits the audience would acquire than they would ordinarily expect. A number of features have been revealed through such colors as blue, red, white, black, yellow and purple which all represent certain features. The secondary features on display depict the additional efficiency and the functions of the device. Use of signs and symbols In addition to the use of many colors in the advert to gain the attention of the audience, there are a number of symbols and signs employed to create more meaning to the advert. Similar to the other forms of communication such as speeches, signs and symbols also give more meaning to the advert. These meanings are coded in particular patterns which may however be accurately interpreted by certain individuals and not others. An example of a... Analysis of an Advertisement Comparatively, researchers have established that the adverts which employ the use of colors attract more attention and recognition than the adverts that either uses only one color or no color at all. The use of many colors as illustrated in the advert above, triggers excitement from the audience and hence makes it appear more appealing to both the mind and the eye. The audience gets more attracted owing to the fact that many people associate certain colors of their choices to particular success in their personal lives. The general ambience of the advert is that which triggers excitement from the audience. The animation of the advert exhibits a world of happiness that eliminates technological strain owing to the introduction of a multi tasking device (I phone). The multi colored animation provides a universal satisfaction to many individuals who may have different tastes and preferences.. Similarly, the advert creates a mood of acceptance of the product on display by exposing much of the extra benefits the audience would acquire than they would ordinarily expect. A number of features have been revealed through such colors as blue, red, white, black, yellow and purple which all represent certain features. The secondary features on display depict the additional efficiency and the functions of the device. In order to attract more of the audience attention and attraction, framing the animation as well as including simpler signs and symbols that may also be understood by a majority of the audience if not a few targeted individuals.

Is Infinity Possible Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is Infinity Possible - Essay Example A mathematician just have to round off the figure in order to mark the end of the mathematical problem otherwise the sequence would be written to the length of an equator and still fails to end. These are some few examples that prove the existence of infinity. To conceptualize this in a thought, if everything in existence is put in a box and sealed tight, it means that a boundary has been created between what is inside the box and what is out side the box. In this line of thinking, one can possibly end up to a conclusion that all that is out side the box is a continuation of all that is inside the box be it space, solid, liquid or a gas. What is infinite therefore is that that can never be measured and ca never be traced to an origin. Religiously, the Almighty God can be logically viewed as infinite. This is because no matter how hard mankind can try to understand His origin, there will never be a definite answer (Gökdeniz & Dilek p12). He is the Alfa and the Omega. He has always been there, is there and will always be there forever more. These words from the scripture suggest that God’s existence is infinite; and never dies. Regardless of what the atheists and the theists think of this, the concept of infinity has been present ed. The quality of infinity is infinite and infinity therefore is the quality that is applicable to a number of infinite qualities. Think of space and beyond; it is endless and this is infinity; think of matter; think of levels of life forms in the universe and intelligence levels; think of the largest and the smallest thing that can ever be, and think of time. These are all forms that can only be traced to infinite dimensions proving that infinity does not only exist in numbers but exist in the physical realm as well (Cleqq p158). If only someone can prove of an existence that is beyond infinity or give a word that gives this extension a meaning,

Latin Western European Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Latin Western European Culture - Essay Example In Latin America, people shake hands when they meet someone and again when they part. Latin Americans also like to stay close when talking. The part that time plays in social events also differs. If a person is invited to someone's house in Europe for a meal, he or she should arrive on time. However, in Latin America, he or she should arrive at least one hour late. This is the. case for business appointments as well as for social events. In some countries, 'tomorrow' does not necessarily mean the day after. Americans are always in a hurry. They want to get on with whatever it is. Some other countries like to spend more time with preliminary discussions. Talking, negotiating and bargaining are all parts of the game. In Latin countries, as well as in the Middle and Far East, haggling over prices is expected (Newman and Nollen 1996). Following Hofstede's theory, in Latin America, power distance is high. It is a collectivist culture in which family and family relations play a crucial role. Latin America can be seen as a combination of masculine and feminine characteristics of culture. The main masculine traits are (1) aggressiveness and (2) ambition. The main feminine factors are: close relations and high sensitivity. The power distance of a culture is reflected in the superior subordinate relations in business organizations. A short power distance is an inducement to greater volume and variety of vertical communication and participative decision style(Hofstede 1996). It is common for such countries to advocate participation in the manager's decisions by his or her subordinates; however, the initiative towards this is supposed to be taken by the manager. The status of the individual in the West is tied to education and knowledge and, as mentioned before, in the American type of culture, experts are treated with g reat respect and loyalties to a profession are greater than loyalties to the company. Latin Americans have little experience of working in formal organizations which, combined with belonging to a high-contextual culture, means that much of what goes on as planning, supervising and controlling is more symbolic than substantive, as will be seen. Many Latin American institutions and business organizations are not very efficient, which is one reason why Latin American executives prefer to use personal (family and friendship) ties instead of formal channels and apply a very personalized and informal management style (Owen and Scherer 2002). In business, Latin American managers not only value change relatively highly but also value caution less. This suggests an active or dynamic orientation and a willingness to make risky decisions. Uncertainty of life is accepted as normal, and economic risks are judged by potential rewards. The action culture in Latin America has made available the mass-produced goods the Latin American market wants -- better than anyone else has. Latin Americans consider it almost a right to be materially well off and physically comfortable. They expect convenient transport, a variety of clean and healthful foods and comfortable homes equipped with labor-saving devices. The high value placed on materialism in the culture is sometimes reflected in an ethnocentric attitude towards other individuals,

Effects of the Riots on the Families Research Paper

Effects of the Riots on the Families - Research Paper Example While many people feel that riots create physical damage to the society, some people confess to suffer psychologically many years after the incident. Sometimes street riots lead to physical injury or death (Ulin 756). Innocently walking pedestrian plunged into a rioting mob. This person has no idea what caused the riot, what the rioters demand or when will the rioting end. The pedestrian has to accept his situation by joining the mob or face lynch from them. On the other end, anti riot police would be chasing the rioting mob in the streets. It is unfortunate that the pedestrian found in the rioting mix would register a bullet wound from police who are resisting their move. The situation suddenly condemns the family of the pedestrian to doom. The breadwinner can no longer support the family because of his inability to perform tasks, which generated income to the family. The situation of that family moves from a bad condition to a worst condition because the pedestrian could not surviv e to help the family out of its difficulties. It is hard to believe sudden twist of events in ones life. A family might not believe the sudden lose of person they loved. Thinking about the last moment shared rekindles sweet memories in life and then bitter regrets about the events that led to death (Hillsbery 56). Family members of the pedestrians have to accept the ugly truth that they have lost the person they loved. Thinking too much about certain condition may lead to mental problems. Some people show attribute of withdrawal from societal activities because they feel that life cannot be that cruel. Several factors may instigate behavior change in a family. Different people respond differently to situations they face. A condition that led to death of a family member might influence other members positively or negatively. For instance, failure to accept death may make a family member to show repulsive characteristics to occurrences in the society. Street families face difficult si tuation during riots. A riot displaces street families from their normal activities (Smith 212). When a street riot occur no one know where to run to, or what items to save or leave. The state of confusion would culminate in lose of property or injury. Life is precious to every human being; however, some conditions make life meaningless. Losing a property that a person has struggled to acquire for many years is an experience that a person may not forget. Many people have confessed that they have failed to face such situations, which occur after a riot. They are unable to believe that their world had crumpled after a short duration. How does a person start building a business firm that he built for ten or fifteen years? The thought of starting from grass is difficult to comprehend and it might remain to haunt an individual for the better part of his life. Sometimes police quelling riots succeed in arresting rioting individuals. The sentences preferred against that individual would in fluence the family of this individual because the family will have to accept that the individual is no longer a good person but a criminal. Families break because partners in those families have failed to yield to a common interest. It is difficult to admit that a trusted partner is among hooligans in the streets. Some people find it hard to accept rejection associated with humiliating effects of riots and end up committing

WHY YOUTH CULTURE ARE ATTRACTED BY FASHION Research Proposal

WHY YOUTH CULTURE ARE ATTRACTED BY FASHION - Research Proposal Example sis on sports, clothes, vocabulary dating and popular music set youths different from the other age groups, making them have what majority believe is a significant culture of their own. Within the youth culture, there exists’ many sophisticated, distinct and constantly changing youth subcultures. These subcultures’ values, styles, norms and behaviors vary broadly and differ from the known youth culture. This is a reasonable topic for it captures the varieties of fashion in the society. It would be a splendid idea to demonstrate what people of today think about the invasion of fashion in the society. I also chose this topic because many think youth culture does not exist. Through this research, I will prove that youth culture exists’. Youth culture is a recent field of study in modern history. Theories that explain the emergence of youth culture have been proposed by several theorists and philosophers. Youth culture theories suggest the effect of psychological, historical and economic factors amongst youths as the major cause of emergence of youth culture in the 20th century. Lury (2011), argues that schooling has been a big influence on the emergence of Youth culture. Age is seen as the major cause of separate youth cultures. Modern schooling has made it possible for interactions of youths who share experiences and definitions that facilitate the growth of a new youth culture (Lury, 2011). Frith (1984), notes that youth culture is amajor player in the development for an identity amongst youths in the modern times. Whenever youths do not have a clear role in their life, youth culture helps them to achieve a certain identity. Youth culture is hence a way in which youths reconcile confusion and identity issues. Fashion, is one of the most powerful youth cultures that have emerged in the 20th century. Fashion helps youths to identify with a certain class or culture and hence, fashion is a youth culture that helps in providing youths with an

The level of deficit spending by the federal government Personal Statement

The level of deficit spending by the federal government - Personal Statement Example I think the government should cut its spending for this to be achieved in a manner that everyone will be satisfied. In respecct of raising taxes, the wealthy have come out strongly in opposition. They argue that they already are overtaxed. According to Porter (12), it is true that the high income earners in the States pay a lot of tax. They are said to be account for the biggest share of the tax burden. It is noted that the deficit in the federal government has been an extraordinarily contentious issue in the political scene over the last few years. It is stated that the current deficit stands at about $15 trillion dollars. It is expected that if every thing holds constant; the figure will rise significantly in the next couple of years (Jeffrey par 2). Some politicians and economists argue that the national income levels are not on the dangerous levels yet. They say that the government should increase its expenses in order to avoid another downturn. The current deficit is said to be a result of high spending on soldiers, grants to support the public schools, road construction, infrastructural projects, and Medicare for seniors (Hubpages par 4). Another factor that has also brought about the deficit relates to government revenue as previously indicated. Revenue is the amount of money collected by the government. They are generally gotten from tax, custom duties, and sale of government property among other sources (Porter 12). For the government to be able to reduce the deficit, it should first be able to reduce the amount of money that it spends on government-sponsored programs or increase the amount of money it takes from tax. Jeffrey (par 2) suggests that, not only does the government raise more revenue when it raises tax paid by the rich Americans but it could achieve this without slowing down economic growth of the country. Porter (12) states that

WHY YOUTH CULTURE ARE ATTRACTED BY FASHION Research Proposal

WHY YOUTH CULTURE ARE ATTRACTED BY FASHION - Research Proposal Example sis on sports, clothes, vocabulary dating and popular music set youths different from the other age groups, making them have what majority believe is a significant culture of their own. Within the youth culture, there exists’ many sophisticated, distinct and constantly changing youth subcultures. These subcultures’ values, styles, norms and behaviors vary broadly and differ from the known youth culture. This is a reasonable topic for it captures the varieties of fashion in the society. It would be a splendid idea to demonstrate what people of today think about the invasion of fashion in the society. I also chose this topic because many think youth culture does not exist. Through this research, I will prove that youth culture exists’. Youth culture is a recent field of study in modern history. Theories that explain the emergence of youth culture have been proposed by several theorists and philosophers. Youth culture theories suggest the effect of psychological, historical and economic factors amongst youths as the major cause of emergence of youth culture in the 20th century. Lury (2011), argues that schooling has been a big influence on the emergence of Youth culture. Age is seen as the major cause of separate youth cultures. Modern schooling has made it possible for interactions of youths who share experiences and definitions that facilitate the growth of a new youth culture (Lury, 2011). Frith (1984), notes that youth culture is amajor player in the development for an identity amongst youths in the modern times. Whenever youths do not have a clear role in their life, youth culture helps them to achieve a certain identity. Youth culture is hence a way in which youths reconcile confusion and identity issues. Fashion, is one of the most powerful youth cultures that have emerged in the 20th century. Fashion helps youths to identify with a certain class or culture and hence, fashion is a youth culture that helps in providing youths with an

The moral and political status of children Essay Example for Free

The moral and political status of children Essay The children rights are human rights given to children with specific attention to the rights of special care and protection to minors. Children have the rights to associate with both parents, basic needs such as food, human identity healthcare, education and criminal laws. The interpretation of the rights of children ranges from permitting the children the autonomous capacity action to enforcement of children being mentally, physically and emotionally free from abuse. Most states defines a child as a human being below the age of eighteen, unless under the law that is applicable to the child. The question of whether the legally accorded rights should be afforded to children, and what extent and nature of the anticipated rights should be, has elicited vigorous debates among sociologists and law experts. The movement of the children’s rights can be attributed to the inclined concerns in the society over the individual rights and the recognition of a child abuse as a challenge to the society. Thesis Statement: Children should not be given equal rights to adults The idea of children being afforded legally recognized rights is a revolutionary subject in numerous approaches. Historically, the children were taken care of by their parents. However, since they are presumed by the law to lack the capacity of adults, they are denied extended participation in legal, social and political processes. According to Smyth (2013, p. 47) children are afforded special protection by a majority of the states. However, today most scholars consider the control to be oppressive and harmful to children. The immense volume of the scholarship literature referencing the multiple approaches of affording the expression to the notion that children should have rights, the content of the rights and the actual formulation f the rights. There is no yet a coherent theory of the rights of children that is hardly surprising (Couzens 2007, p. 91). The demand for enforcement and recognition of the rights of children attracts the attention of various societal believes. One hurdle in the development of coherent theory of the rights of children is the fact that in defining the children’s rights, it is significant to consider the children status as being a member of a family group and as an individual.Glendon argues that rights are good and essential; however, they have dominated the public discourse in unhealthy ways. Referring to Fernando (2001, p. 221) children rights are by nature individualistic and frequently unable to deal with the non-individualistic struggles in the society. Glendon further writes that children rights are legalistic and spurious law talks they contain have corrupt debates from the public. Likewise, the rights based on the claims of powerlessness to slow the dislocation and destruction of the formerly thriving communities by both urban renewal and de-industrialization destroy the society. The libertarianism provides that rights have drawn a distinction between adults and children. They assert that the children’s rights ar e rational, a creation of divine and persuasion of interests. According to the theory, moral rationality is the ability of an individual to reason about justifications and actions (Archard Macleod 2002, p. 173). Thus, the beings that can reason about moral matters should be accorded moral worth. Therefore, being given rights means being of moral reason. Consequently, the conception of rationality avoids the paternalistic counter that a person is not acting rationally to be forced to do so. So, by virtue of the lack of capacity that adults have, children should not be accorded similar rights to adults. Likewise, the functionalism asserts that every part of the society should contribute to the societal stability. According t the functionalism there is an order that exists in the society that brings social stability. Therefore, the children lack the capacity to stabilize the society. In similar assertions, the Marxist theory underscores that the property within the state belongs to th e individuals who created the wealth. Therefore, only people who work should benefit in the labour equally (Smyth 2013, p. 175). Therefore, by virtue of the inability of children to take the unrightfully profits and possessions as a claim of rights would not benefit them. Conclusion The correct policy of children’s rights lies somewhere between the extremes of minimum intervention and maximum coercive. Therefore, to determine the limits state intervention, the correct policy that lies in the correct application of the child’s standard of interest is significant. In a nutshell, there must be a safety net and no non-interventionist can be absolute. The children must be protected from dangers, but they should not have equal rights in the society. References Archard, D., Macleod, C. M. (2002). The moral and political status of children. Oxford, Oxford University Press. Couzens, M. (2007). Autonomy Rights versus Parental Autonomy. UN Childrens Rights Convention : Theory Meets Practice : Proceedings of the International Interdisciplinary Conference on Childrens Rights, 18-19 May 2006, Ghent, Belgium. 419-439.Fernando, J. L. (2001). Childrens rights. Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage Publications.Smyth, C. (2013). Is the right of the child to liberty safeguarded in the Common European Asylum System?. European Journal of Migration and Law, 15, 2.) Source document

Future professional of tourism

Future professional of tourism Introduction New tourism is an important subject for future professional of tourism. To work in this sector we have to be aware of new form, new tendency and new destinations. Travel sellers have to know supply and demand in this field. Our file is a glimpse of some new ways of travel and new destinations. We need to keep watching on this new form of tourism because it is very competitive sector. Thats why we have chosen to describe two new destinations and two new form of tourism. In one part we explain couchsurfing that is a new form of tourism based on people exchanges. It is almost a way of life with values and aspirations. Une phrase sur la partie de reb. In a second part, we show two new destinations. First Bulgaria, its number of visitors has increased by 4000000 in 8 years. This country with a coast on Black sea is more and more visited especially by Europeans. Phrase sur partie de Reb. Tourism evolves and new forms are created Couch surfing CouchSurfings definition Couchsurfing is a new way of travelling based on sharing. An organization based on Internet (www.couchsurfing.com) manages the connections between people. CouchSurfing is an international non-profit network that connects travelers with locals in over 230 countries and territories around the world. A couch or a bedroom is offered to a visitor by a local for his stay. Since 2004, members have been using this system to come together for cultural exchange, friendship, and learning experiences. Today, over a million people who might otherwise never meet are able to share hospitality and cultural understanding. Our mission as an organization is to create inspiring experiences: cross-cultural encounters that are fun, engaging, and illuminating. These experiences take many forms. CouchSurfings initial focus was on hosting and surfing (staying with a local as a guest in their home). Alongside these core experiences, we now also facilitate a growing array of activities and events.[1] CouchSurfing members share hospitality with one another. These exchanges are a uniquely rich form of cultural interaction. Hosts have the opportunity to meet people from all over the world without leaving home. Surfers, or travelers, are able to participate in the local life of the places they visit. The CouchSurfing community continues to expand its horizons. Members are always finding more ways to connect and learn about each other. Every day, people across the world share coffee, camping trips, meetings, language exchanges, discussions and all sorts of other experiences. Who and how runs CouchSurfing? Casey Fenton launched the site on Jan 1, 2003 with co-founders : Dan Hoffer, Sebastien LeTuan, and Leonardo Bassani de Silveira. Casey continues to help CouchSurfing as Executive Director of the organization. The CouchSurfing organization has no physical location. Instead, it exists in the collaborations of diverse people from around the world. The strategic direction of the Couchsurfing organization is composed by a Board of Director and a Strategy Team. Each member of these two groups brings different specialized skills. Members of strategy team: Casey Fenton, co-founder and Executive Director; Mattthew Brauer, General Manager; Jim Stone, Chief Operations Officer; Weston Hankins, Chief Technological Officer; Cameron Mills, Project Portfolio Manager. There also some full-time employees and contractors. They have a variety of roles from building and maintaining the website to organizing finances. Finally, some part time volunteers help them to manage the organization. They are Couchsurfing members and they greet new members, report website bugs and answer member questions. CouchSurfing is a non-profit organization, funded entirely by the donations of members. According to the web site, every month, thousands of CouchSurfers choose to support the community by getting verified, an identity check that includes a donation. Other members choose to make independent or additional donations. Contributions help to pay for the costs of running the website, like server hosting, storage, database maintenance, mapping software, and many other costs[2]. Each positive experience between members costs 24 ¢ USD in CouchSurfing operating costs. The goal of CouchSurfing has never been about money, and using the site is free to all members. CouchSurfings non-profit status legally means that all resources must be spent directly on achieving the mission rather than creating profit for private interests. Few statistics 1775916 Couchserfers are travelling sharing homes in the worlds. There are 236 countries represented and 70637 cities for 318 languages spoken. The 10 countries most visited are United States with 395657 visitors that represent 22,3 % of couchsurfers, Germany with 168807 visitors (9,5 %), France with 150939 visitors (8,5%), United Kingdom 85587 visitors (4,8%), Canada 85544 visitors (4,8%), Australia 50821 visitors (2,9 %), Italy 50652 visitors (2,9%), Spain 48858 visitors (2,8%), Brazil 48503 visitors (2,7%) and Netherland 35661 visitors (2 %). We note that almost all continent are represented in the top-ten, except Asia but China just come in 12th position. Regarding the most visited cities Paris is on first position, then London and Berlin comes on third position. The average age of surfers is 28 and 85 % of surfers have between 18 and 35. Our opinion Couchsurfing is a meaningful new way of travelling. It creates connections between cultures and can enrich lives of everybody. It is more than a way of travelling it is a way of living with many values like exchange without profit. We think that couchsurfing is a door to experience new point of view and new culture by travelling or welcoming. It is also a tool to travel more especially for young people. Indeed, even if it could be less comfortable than hotel room, it is free. Travels help to built mind and this way of travelling permit to travel more, further and better. Partie de Reb New destination appears Bulgaria Bulgaria is a small country in south-eastern Europe. It have frontiers with Romania, Serbia, Macedonia, Greece and Turkey. This country owns coasts on Black sea. The climate and the relief permit to develop a large number of touristic products. In 2000 the number of visitors were 2100000, it increase and there were 6000000 tourists in 2008. Bulgarias assets The natural landscape is one of the most important assets. First, mountains and high peak are attractive for ski tourism. Most of the 44 ski resorts are located in western country around Sofia, the capital city. The most famous are: Aleko ski center on Vitosha mountain at 22 km of Sofias city center with 29km of ski runs, Borovets ski resort on Rila mountains that is a high class resort with luxury hotels, Bansko in Pirin mountain, thats one of the new ski resort in Bulgaria with 56 km of ski runs and a great off piste skiing, Pamporovo ski resort in the heart of Rodopa Mountain is the southernmost resort in Europe. Then, we can find the Black Sea Coast famous for its fine sanded beaches, and perfect temperatures of water and air. The northern and the southern coast are different. On the north tourists can find clean and calm sea surrounded beaches with fine grain golden sands. The most famous and the most frequented sea side resort are Golden Sand, Albena, Roussalka, Riviera, Slanchev Den (Sunny Day), St.Konstantin and Elena. On the south, picturesque bays and steep rocks coexist with spacious beaches and sand dune. The coast provides wonderful nature and modern constructions on holiday villages like Elenite, Sunny beach, Nessebur, Sopozol Rural tourism is another form present in Bulgaria but less significant. An unconventional form of tourism Health tourism is a great part of tourism in Bulgaria. With over 600 mineral springs with temperature between 10 °C and 120 °C, Bulgaria is a thermal destination. Pavel Banya, Hisar, Velingrad, Narechen, Vurshets, Kyustendil and Momin Prohod, near Kostenets are the most famous of the health resort. They treat different diseases like bronchial asthma, disturbances of locomotors system, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders Another Health or medical tourism exists in many forms. People travel in Bulgaria for medical, dental or surgery care, especially from United States and developed country where medical treatment are more and more expensive. Health Tourism is a combination of wellness and healthcare coupled with leisure and relaxation. Diet Center: Some tourists travel to lose weight and the most famous clinic is located in the sea side resort of St-Konstantin and Elena. A stay in the clinic last between 10 and 20 days and cost between 500 and 2000 Euros including catering in hotel, a medical consultation, medical exams and a diet program for each patient. Plastic surgery: It attracts tourists because of the low price and the quality of services. In the middle of 90s a lot of clinics have opened and a high competition appear. The clinics directors had to invest in high technology and high qualified staff. As example a breast augmentation cost on average 6000 Euros in France, England or Germany and only 2500 Euros in Bulgaria. Tooth care: The prices are cheaper than in Western Europe because they are align on Bulgarian standard of living. We can find a lot of good clinics in big cities like Sofia, Burgas, Varna and Plovdiv. Some tour operator offer medical trip to their customers, they organize the whole stay. Global medical travel in USA and BGmedical travel in Bulgaria are specialized on medical travel. Our opinion According to us, it could be interesting to travel abroad for surgery or medical care. Indeed, in many occidental countries a lot of people are underinsured or uninsured. It means that many people have to pay for their medical care. According to a Harvard study, in USA half of personal bankruptcies are related to medical expenses. We think that its sometimes the only solution to cure decay. People have to be careful. First of all, they must check the procedure and compare with their expectations, inquire about follow-up care needed, time required for recovery, physical therapy etc Then, they have to select the hospital by considering its accreditation, awards and recognitions, facility and equipments and statistics like success rates. Finally, its essential to heck the certifications, training and repute of the surgeon. www.couchsurfing.com Attached document n °1: Couchsurfing International,Inc. Income and Expense statement 2008 These statistics are generated on March, 31th 2010 at 5:37 am.

Grendel: Apples and Pain :: Free Essay Writer

Grendel: Apples and Pain Grendel has a sarcastic and cynical mind, which serves to entertain both him and the reader. Through his expositions of situations, we see humor where others would simply see violence, and irony where others only fact. These others are the humans, the Danes, unwitting neighbors of Grendel, forced to stand night after night of slaughter. What is a traumatic and terrifying experience for them, is simply a game to Grendel, and the reader. Grendel bursts in on the Danes, ready to kill, and they squeak. They are funny in their fear, laughable in their drunken fighting. The reader is focused on Grendel’s perception of the Danes. The deaths go by easily, because of the humor involved. It does not cross the reader’s mind that these are people Grendle is killing. The humor allows the reader to sympathize with Grendel’s position, that of the predator. The prey is not meaningful, only nutritious and entertaining. It is a macabre humor, which accentuates how no death is nobl e, it is simply death. By making the Danes un-heroic and un-ideal, cowards and drunkards, the author is presenting the reality through the humor. In contrast to the drunken lurching of the others, Unferth comes toward Grendel with speeches and bravery. He is a puffed up as a peacock, proud and ready to die for his king, his people, his ideal. Grendel simply states, â€Å"He was one of those.† Grendel sees Unferth with a clear and unbiased mind. He is ridiculous. His exaggerated heroism, his words, even his first move, to scuttle sideways like a crab from thirty feet away, is laughable. Grendle does with him what he does with no other Dane in the story, he talks. Unferth offers Grendle death, and Grendle sends back taunts. The reason this scene is funny is because the taunts are sharply accurate. The self-sacrificing hero is shown to be a spotlight loving fool, serving only his own reputation. Grendel continues talking to Unferth, making the poor wretch angrier by the moment. At one point, he compares Unferth to a harvest virgin. Unferth attempts to begin his own speeches, but is always cut off by Grendel, who has another barb to throw at him. Finally, Unferth screams and charges, his voice breaking. This scene, of escalating argument, presents a different type of humor. While the first was a slapstick, exaggerated and dark humor, the argument is more sarcastic, intelligent and cutting.

Mount St. Helens :: Nature Volcanoes Eruptions Essays

Mount St. Helens Mount St. Helens is an active stratovalcano in Skamania County, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is located 96 miles south of Seattle and 53 miles northeast of Portland, Oregon. The mountain is part of the Cascade Range. It is most famous for a catastrophic eruption on May 18, 1980. That eruption was the most deadly and economically destructive volcanic eruption in the history of the United States. 57 people were killed, and 200 homes, 47 bridges, 15 miles (24 km) of railways and 185 miles (300 km) of highway were destroyed. The eruption blew the top of the mountain off, reducing its summit from 9,677 feet to 8,364 feet in elevation and replacing it with a mile-wide horeshoeshaped crater. Like most of the other volcanoes in the Cascade Range, St. Helens is a great cone of rubble, consisting of lava rock interlayered with ash, pumice and other deposits. Volcanic cones of this internal structure are called composite cones or stratovolcanoes. Mount St. Helens includes layers of basalt and andesite through which several domes of dacite lava have erupted. The largest of the dacite domes formed the previous summit; another formed Goat Rocks dome on the northern flank. These were destroyed in St. Helens' 1980 eruption. The first recorded sighting of Mount St. Helens by Europeans was by Royal Navy Commander George Vancouver and the officers of HMS Discovery on May 19, 1792, while they were surveying the northern Pacific Ocean coast from 1792 to 1794. Vancouver named the mountain for British diplomat Alleyne Fitzherbert, Baron St. Helens on October 20, 1792. According to geological evidence, St. Helens started growth 37,600 years ago with dacite and andesite eruptions of pumice and ash. Mudflows were very significant forces in all of St. Helens' eruptive cycles. Starting around 2500 BC eruptions of large amounts of ash and yellowish-brown pumice covered thousands of square miles. This eruptive cycle lasted until about 1600 BC. After 400 years of inactivity, St. Helens came alive again around 1200 BC. This cycle, which lasted until about 800 BC, is characterized by smaller volume eruptions. Mt. Saint Helens woke up on March 20, 1980, with a Richter magnitude 4 earthquake. Steam venting started on March 27. By the end of April, the north side of the mountain started to bulge.

How Infidelity Affects the Marriage and Family? Essay

A liaison, sexual or in any aspect, outside of a marital relationship is an immoral effort and excuse to improve something. Others may say that not all people, who are having or had an extra-marital affair, are regarded as bad and despiteful. These people are generally and oftentimes are in pain, bewildered and lonesome. However, for those who were betrayed, these reasons do not justify nor make one’s infidelity acceptable. One’s involvement to other than his or her partner has a lasting painful and devastating effect not only on the marriage of a couple but more on their children. Fidelity among the parents is the most treasured component of a marriage. It can be regarded as a strong foundation of the entire family. When infidelity sets in, the strong union of the couple is shattered, leaving traces of dishonesty, guilt, and anger. Aside from the betrayed spouse, the children who are not involved in the problem between the couple that caused the break-up are the ones who suffer from the effects more. Infidelity is caused by complicated and different reasons. Extra-marital affairs can happen in both happy and disturbed marriages. Regardless of the cause, what the family evidently needs to be overcome is the manners in which infidelity severely affects the couple’s marriage and the family in general. Characteristics of Infidelity According to Marriage and Family Encyclopedia, infidelity is characterized by a â€Å"breach of trust† which is a reflection of one’s adulterous and cheating of ethical and emotional responsibilities to his or her spouse. Infidelity normally and oftentimes connotes a person’s intimate or sexual relationship to another individual other than his or her partner (Treas). Aside from an immoral sexual relationship, infidelity also comes in other forms. For instance, despite the lack of physical contact, women generally consider a deep emotional liaison as another form of a treacherous extramarital relation (Treas). These characteristics present infidelity as any emotion or conduct that go against or not in accordance with what one expects from his or her spouse and what makes the relationship exclusive (Treas). Infidelity is a worldwide issue, with some countries going beyond their boundaries to address its causes and effects. Aside from the ways in which infidelity affects the marriage and the family, its related topic such as an open marriage that is practiced in liberal countries also has an impact to the overall understanding of such unfaithful relationship. The books of Blumstein and Schwartz, as well as that of Greeley, states that the practice of open marriage in the United States which allows and opens an opportunity for a married person to commit extramarital sex is the only exclusion. Although the two books report that some Americans apparently tolerate open marriage, majority of American couples still regard sexual fidelity as an ultimately significant aspect of their marriage and the one which hold their family together (Blumstein & Schwartz; Greeley). This high consideration to fidelity is supported by an article which states that almost one hundred percent of American couples look for â€Å"sexual exclusivity† from their partners (Treas & Giesen 48). The Effects of Discovered Infidelity An article written by Shirley Glass which appeared on the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy site states that it is usual for the couple, either the one who committed infidelity or the one who was betrayed, to be depressed. Glass further stated that such feeling of demoralization includes suicide tendencies and anxiety. She added that an intense perception of loss follows the discovery of infidelity. According to Glass, the responses of the cheated partner correspond to the indications of â€Å"post-traumatic stress† experienced by the victims of harmful or even fatal situations. At the onset of the disclosure of the unfaithful relationship, the usual effects are â€Å"loss of innocence and shattered assumptions. † Included in such premises are the obsessive contemplation of the details of the infidelity, nonstop observation of other aggravating symptoms of cheating, recurring and invasive images of the betrayal, and an increased biological arousal due to a sexual effort to win back the partner (Glass). Those who have exerted much trust and the least suspecting are the most badly affected and hurt. The philandering partner, on the other hand, is worried that his or her infidelity will result in a lasting punishment and further suffering. This is because the dreams he or she associated with the extramarital relationship were wasted (Glass). Ways in Which Infidelity Affects The Marriage Infidelity affects not only the marriage but the divorce proceedings that happen afterwards (Treas). Prior to the passing of â€Å"no-fault divorce laws in the 1970s,† a cheating spouse is expected not to be granted with custody rights over his or her children, endure disadvantages in the separation of conjugal properties as well as in payments of support (Treas). In eliminating adultery as grounds for divorce, the â€Å"no-fault laws† likewise remove extra-marital sex as a vindication for preferring one’s welfare over the other partner (Treas). Aside from affecting the marriage, infidelity or other related laws in the United States would forbid a philandering spouse from casting a vote, engaging in alcohol-related works, exercising law, legally adopting a child and living with the previous partner (Treas). It was unfortunate that adultery laws are almost never implemented, despite the fact that a lot of states have silently revoked such outdated legislative acts (Treas). Unrepealed laws then only function mostly for symbolic intentions, representing the state’s adherence for traditional ethical and family living (Treas). Laumann, and his colleagues, on the other hand, stated that the issue of how sexual infidelity impacts the marriage necessitates further research. However, experts on marriage counseling have attested that sexual infidelity definitely rocks a couple’s marriage (Laumann, et al. ). In their book, Laumann and his associates also identified another manner, aside from divorce, in which infidelity affects the marriage. This is the existence of domestic violence which was also already identified as an effect of sexual enviousness (Laumann, et al. ). Lawson corroborated the above destabilizing theory or effect of infidelity to marriage. According to Lawson, infidelity contradicts the couple’s intimacy, weakens the perceptions of shared â€Å"ownership† between a husband and wife, and cuts short commonality that exists when one’s spouse is the only one giving a treasured intimate or â€Å"sexual service. † Sexual infidelity also deviates â€Å"time, energy, and money† outside of the marital union. This is evident when a betraying partner allots or spends more of his or her quality time, physical energy, and cash with a person other than the legal partner. Lawson also said that women’s extramarital relationships are likely inclined to result into divorce or new marriage. This is because of women’s nature of involving of too much emotion into a relationship (Lawson). Ways in Which Infidelity Affects The Children Aside from the emotional and psychological trauma, the infidelity of the parents creates confusion among children, similar to the effects experienced by the betrayed parent that the children feel. An online article by Dianna J. Gould-Saltman stated that in the event the extramarital relationship eventually resulted into the separation of a couple, it becomes an issue if the presence of the new partner will be considered in limiting custody or visitation right over the children. Confusion among the children is evident when the new partner of their father or mother starts to live in the house and the new couple can eventually and freely exercise their sexual activities even when the children are around. This scenario causes children to ask if sex outside of marriage is alright. However, it was stressed that the law states that â€Å"the court must make custody orders consistent with the best interests of the children. † The said article added that unless there is opposing evidence, it is expected that the children of the separated couple still require constant contact with both the father and the mother regardless of whoever committed the infidelity (Gould-Saltman). Infidelity Affects Both the Marriage of the Couple and their Children The same Gould-Saltman article identified three combined issues resulting from infidelity that affect both the marriage of the couple and their children. First is misappropriation which is manifested when the philandering partner takes away or deviates the money supposedly intended for the needs of his or her family. A married person is obligated to manage his or her marital assets, such as the monthly employment income, for the purpose of addressing the needs and promoting the welfare of his or her family. Gould-Saltman said that â€Å"spending community money on a girlfriend or boyfriend, especially expensive gifts, paying for rent or mortgage, or vacations can be deemed a misappropriation. † In view of this the betrayed spouse and the children are authorized to refund â€Å"one half of the funds spent, possibly with interest, from the date of the misappropriation† (Gould-Saltman). Misappropriation, however, is different to another effect which is â€Å"supported spouse. † In the latter, the spouse who was left behind in favor of a new partner will be burdened with proof in getting support from his or her spouse. This takes place when the spouse already â€Å"cohabits† with his or her new partner who now receives the financial support. In doing so, the child support may also somehow be affected because the income is now shared with the new partner. However, this situation can be resolved through legal arrangements. The last effect, which is the possibility of acquiring sexually transmitted disease, is solely experienced by the betrayed spouse. With this impact, the offended spouse, who was transmitted with the disease resulting from the philandering of his or her spouse, is considered a battered spouse and entitled for monetary damages (Gould-Saltman). Conclusion Infidelity is a sensitive issue which does not only affect the legal union of a couple but also leaves the entire family devastated. It is perceived as a one-sided option wherein only the betraying spouse benefits while the offended spouse and their children suffer. The ways in which infidelity affects the spouse and the children cause them to endure suffering in terms of emotional, psychological, and financial aspects which are unfairly happening to them. Such unfaithful conduct unjustly favors the philandering spouse and steps on the rights and protecting the feelings of the betrayed spouse and children. This is because while the philandering spouse is enjoying his or her sexual trysts with the new partner, a husband or wife and the children are left tormented with the pains of infidelity. Works Cited Blumstein, Philip and Pepper Schwartz. American Couples: Money, Work, Sex. New York: Morrow, 1983. Glass, Shirley P. â€Å"AAMFT Consumer Update: Infidelity. † American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy. 2002. 14 April 2008 . Greeley, Andrew M. Faithful Attraction: Discovering Intimacy, Love, and Fidelity in American Marriage. New York: TOR Books, 1991. Gould-Saltman, Diana J. Adultery: Does It Make Any Difference? Divorce Wizards. 1998. 14 April 2008 . Treas, Judith. â€Å"Infidelity-What Are The Consequences? † Marriage and Family Encyclopedia. 14 April 2008 . Laumann, Edward. O, et al. The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994. Lawson, Annette. Adultery: The Analysis of Love and Betrayal. New York: Basic Books, 1988. Treas, Judith and Deirdre Giesen. â€Å"Sexual Infidelity Among Married and Cohabiting Americans. † Journal of Marriage and the Family 62 (2000):48–60.